Local area fire history.

Site location and overall terrain.

Prevailing winds and seasonal weather.

Property contours and boundaries.

Native vegetation.

Plant characteristics and placement (duffage, water and salt retention ability, aromatic oils, fuel load per area, and size).

Irrigation requirements.

Zone 1. This well-irrigated area encircles the structure for at least 30’ on all sides, providing space for fire suppression equipment in the event of an emergency. Plantings should be limited to carefully spaced low flammability species.

Zone 2. Low flammability plant materials should be used here. Plants should be low-growing, and the irrigation system should extend into this section.

Zone 3. Place low-growing plants and well-spaced trees in this area, remembering to keep the volume of vegetation (fuel) low.

Zone 4. This furthest zone from the structure is a natural area. Selectively prune and thin all plants and remove highly flammable vegetation.

Widely space and carefully situate the trees you plant.

Take out the “ladder fuels” — vegetation that serves as a link between grass and tree tops.

This arrangement can carry fire to a structure or from a structure to vegetation.

Keep trees and shrubs properly pruned. Prune all trees so the lowest limbs are 6’ to 10’ from the ground.

Remove leaf clutter and dead and overhanging branches.

Mow the lawn regularly.

Dispose of cuttings and debris promptly, according to local regulations.

Store firewood away from the house.

Be sure the irrigation system is well maintained.

Use care when refueling garden equipment and maintain it regularly.

Store and use flammable liquids properly.

Dispose of smoking materials carefully.

Become familiar with local regulations regarding vegetation clearances, disposal of debris, and fire safety requirements for equipment.

Follow manufacturers’ instructions when using fertilizers and pesticides.